Bump version to 3.0.0rc2

Signed-off-by: Toby Harradine <tobyharradine@gmail.com>

docs/framework_config.rst

@@ -374,6 +374,21 @@ API Reference
     inside the bot itself! Simply take a peek inside of the :code:`tests/core/test_config.py` file for examples of using
     Config in all kinds of ways.
 
+.. important::
+
+    When getting, setting or clearing values in Config, all keys are casted to `str` for you. This
+    includes keys within a `dict` when one is being set, as well as keys in  nested dictionaries
+    within that `dict`. For example::
+
+        >>> conf = Config.get_conf(self, identifier=999)
+        >>> conf.register_global(foo={})
+        >>> await conf.foo.set_raw(123, value=True)
+        >>> await conf.foo()
+        {'123': True}
+        >>> await conf.foo.set({123: True, 456: {789: False}}
+        >>> await conf.foo()
+        {'123': True, '456': {'789': False}}
+
 .. automodule:: redbot.core.config
 
 Config

redbot/cogs/admin/admin.py

@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ class Admin(commands.Cog):
         selfroles = await self._valid_selfroles(ctx.guild)
         fmt_selfroles = "\n".join(["+ " + r.name for r in selfroles])
 
-        msg = _("Available Selfroles: {selfroles}").format(selfroles=fmt_selfroles)
+        msg = _("Available Selfroles:\n{selfroles}").format(selfroles=fmt_selfroles)
         await ctx.send(box(msg, "diff"))
 
     async def _serverlock_check(self, guild: discord.Guild) -> bool:

redbot/cogs/alias/alias.py

@@ -288,7 +288,10 @@ class Alias(commands.Cog):
         """Try to execute help for the base command of the alias."""
         is_alias, alias = await self.is_alias(ctx.guild, alias_name=alias_name)
         if is_alias:
-            base_cmd = alias.command[0]
+            if self.is_command(alias.command):
+                base_cmd = alias.command
+            else:
+                base_cmd = alias.command.rsplit(" ", 1)[0]
 
             new_msg = copy(ctx.message)
             new_msg.content = _("{prefix}help {command}").format(

redbot/cogs/audio/__init__.py

@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ async def download_lavalink(session):
 
 async def maybe_download_lavalink(loop, cog):
     jar_exists = LAVALINK_JAR_FILE.exists()
-    current_build = redbot.core.VersionInfo.from_json(await cog.config.current_build())
+    current_build = redbot.core.VersionInfo.from_json(await cog.config.current_version())
 
     if not jar_exists or current_build < redbot.core.version_info:
         log.info("Downloading Lavalink.jar")
         LAVALINK_DOWNLOAD_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         async with ClientSession(loop=loop) as session:
             await download_lavalink(session)
-        await cog.config.current_build.set(redbot.core.version_info.to_json())
+        await cog.config.current_version.set(redbot.core.version_info.to_json())
 
     shutil.copyfile(str(BUNDLED_APP_YML_FILE), str(APP_YML_FILE))
 

redbot/cogs/audio/audio.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class Audio(commands.Cog):
             "ws_port": "2332",
             "password": "youshallnotpass",
             "status": False,
-            "current_build": [3, 0, 0, "alpha", 0],
+            "current_version": redbot.core.VersionInfo.from_str("3.0.0a0").to_json(),
             "use_external_lavalink": False,
         }
 
@@ -253,7 +253,9 @@ class Audio(commands.Cog):
 
         dj_enabled = await self.config.guild(ctx.guild).dj_enabled()
         await self.config.guild(ctx.guild).dj_enabled.set(not dj_enabled)
-        await self._embed_msg(ctx, "DJ role enabled: {}.".format(not dj_enabled))
+        await self._embed_msg(
+            ctx, _("DJ role enabled: {true_or_false}.".format(true_or_false=not dj_enabled))
+        )
 
     @audioset.command()
     @checks.mod_or_permissions(administrator=True)
@@ -332,7 +334,7 @@ class Audio(commands.Cog):
         jarbuild = redbot.core.__version__
 
         vote_percent = data["vote_percent"]
-        msg = "----" + _("Server Settings") + "----"
+        msg = "----" + _("Server Settings") + "----\n"
         if emptydc_enabled:
             msg += _("Disconnect timer: [{num_seconds}]\n").format(
                 num_seconds=self._dynamic_time(emptydc_timer)
@@ -370,7 +372,9 @@ class Audio(commands.Cog):
         """Toggle displaying a thumbnail on audio messages."""
         thumbnail = await self.config.guild(ctx.guild).thumbnail()
         await self.config.guild(ctx.guild).thumbnail.set(not thumbnail)
-        await self._embed_msg(ctx, _("Thumbnail display: {}.").format(not thumbnail))
+        await self._embed_msg(
+            ctx, _("Thumbnail display: {true_or_false}.").format(true_or_false=not thumbnail)
+        )
 
     @audioset.command()
     @checks.mod_or_permissions(administrator=True)
@@ -567,6 +571,8 @@ class Audio(commands.Cog):
                 return await menu(ctx, folder_page_list, DEFAULT_CONTROLS)
             else:
                 await menu(ctx, folder_page_list, LOCAL_FOLDER_CONTROLS)
+        else:
+            await menu(ctx, folder_page_list, LOCAL_FOLDER_CONTROLS)
 
     @local.command(name="search")
     async def local_search(self, ctx, *, search_words):
@@ -1097,7 +1103,7 @@ class Audio(commands.Cog):
                     (
                         bold(playlist_name),
                         _("Tracks: {num}").format(num=len(tracks)),
-                        _("Author: {name}").format(self.bot.get_user(author)),
+                        _("Author: {name}\n").format(name=self.bot.get_user(author)),
                     )
                 )
             )
@@ -2360,7 +2366,7 @@ class Audio(commands.Cog):
         if await self._check_external():
             embed = discord.Embed(
                 colour=await ctx.embed_colour(),
-                title=_("Websocket port set to {}.").format(ws_port),
+                title=_("Websocket port set to {port}.").format(port=ws_port),
             )
             embed.set_footer(text=_("External lavalink server set to True."))
             await ctx.send(embed=embed)

redbot/cogs/cleanup/cleanup.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import re
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import Union, List, Callable
+from typing import Union, List, Callable, Set
 
 import discord
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class Cleanup(commands.Cog):
         ):
             if message.created_at < two_weeks_ago:
                 break
-            if check(message):
+            if message_filter(message):
                 collected.append(message)
                 if number and number <= len(collected):
                     break
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class Cleanup(commands.Cog):
 
         member = None
         try:
-            member = await commands.converter.MemberConverter().convert(ctx, user)
+            member = await commands.MemberConverter().convert(ctx, user)
         except commands.BadArgument:
             try:
                 _id = int(user)
@@ -323,15 +323,35 @@ class Cleanup(commands.Cog):
         if "" in prefixes:
             prefixes.remove("")
 
+        cc_cog = self.bot.get_cog("CustomCommands")
+        if cc_cog is not None:
+            command_names: Set[str] = await cc_cog.get_command_names(ctx.guild)
+            is_cc = lambda name: name in command_names
+        else:
+            is_cc = lambda name: False
+        alias_cog = self.bot.get_cog("Alias")
+        if alias_cog is not None:
+            alias_names: Set[str] = (
+                set((a.name for a in await alias_cog.unloaded_global_aliases()))
+                | set(a.name for a in await alias_cog.unloaded_aliases(ctx.guild))
+            )
+            is_alias = lambda name: name in alias_names
+        else:
+            is_alias = lambda name: False
+
+        bot_id = self.bot.user.id
+
         def check(m):
-            if m.author.id == self.bot.user.id:
+            if m.author.id == bot_id:
                 return True
             elif m == ctx.message:
                 return True
             p = discord.utils.find(m.content.startswith, prefixes)
             if p and len(p) > 0:
                 cmd_name = m.content[len(p) :].split(" ")[0]
-                return bool(self.bot.get_command(cmd_name))
+                return (
+                    bool(self.bot.get_command(cmd_name)) or is_alias(cmd_name) or is_cc(cmd_name)
+                )
             return False
 
         to_delete = await self.get_messages_for_deletion(

redbot/cogs/customcom/customcom.py

@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ import random
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from inspect import Parameter
 from collections import OrderedDict
-from typing import Mapping, Tuple, Dict
+from typing import Mapping, Tuple, Dict, Set
 
 import discord
 
 from redbot.core import Config, checks, commands
-from redbot.core.utils.chat_formatting import box, pagify
 from redbot.core.i18n import Translator, cog_i18n
+from redbot.core.utils import menus
+from redbot.core.utils.chat_formatting import box, pagify, escape
 from redbot.core.utils.predicates import MessagePredicate
 
 _ = Translator("CustomCommands", __file__)
@@ -43,11 +44,8 @@ class CommandObj:
 
     @staticmethod
     async def get_commands(config) -> dict:
-        commands = await config.commands()
+        _commands = await config.commands()
-        customcommands = {k: v for k, v in commands.items() if commands[k]}
+        return {k: v for k, v in _commands.items() if _commands[k]}
-        if len(customcommands) == 0:
-            return None
-        return customcommands
 
     async def get_responses(self, ctx):
         intro = _(
@@ -79,7 +77,8 @@ class CommandObj:
                 responses.append(msg.content)
         return responses
 
-    def get_now(self) -> str:
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_now() -> str:
         # Get current time as a string, for 'created_at' and 'edited_at' fields
         # in the ccinfo dict
         return "{:%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S}".format(datetime.utcnow())
@@ -116,7 +115,7 @@ class CommandObj:
         *,
         response=None,
         cooldowns: Mapping[str, int] = None,
-        ask_for: bool = True
+        ask_for: bool = True,
     ):
         """Edit an already existing custom command"""
         ccinfo = await self.db(ctx.guild).commands.get_raw(command, default=None)
@@ -312,8 +311,6 @@ class CustomCommands(commands.Cog):
         Example:
         - `[p]customcom edit yourcommand Text you want`
         """
-        command = command.lower()
-
         try:
             await self.commandobj.edit(ctx=ctx, command=command, response=text)
             await ctx.send(_("Custom command successfully edited."))
@@ -327,12 +324,16 @@ class CustomCommands(commands.Cog):
             await ctx.send(e.args[0])
 
     @customcom.command(name="list")
-    async def cc_list(self, ctx):
+    @checks.bot_has_permissions(add_reactions=True)
-        """List all available custom commands."""
+    async def cc_list(self, ctx: commands.Context):
+        """List all available custom commands.
 
-        response = await CommandObj.get_commands(self.config.guild(ctx.guild))
+        The list displays a preview of each command's response, with
+        markdown escaped and newlines replaced with spaces.
+        """
+        cc_dict = await CommandObj.get_commands(self.config.guild(ctx.guild))
 
-        if not response:
+        if not cc_dict:
             await ctx.send(
                 _(
                     "There are no custom commands in this server."
@@ -342,8 +343,7 @@ class CustomCommands(commands.Cog):
             return
 
         results = []
-
+        for command, body in sorted(cc_dict.items(), key=lambda t: t[0]):
-        for command, body in response.items():
             responses = body["response"]
             if isinstance(responses, list):
                 result = ", ".join(responses)
@@ -351,15 +351,33 @@ class CustomCommands(commands.Cog):
                 result = responses
             else:
                 continue
-            results.append("{command:<15} : {result}".format(command=command, result=result))
+            # Replace newlines with spaces
+            # Cut preview to 52 characters max
+            if len(result) > 52:
+                result = result[:49] + "..."
+            # Replace newlines with spaces
+            result = result.replace("\n", " ")
+            # Escape markdown and mass mentions
+            result = escape(result, formatting=True, mass_mentions=True)
+            results.append((f"{ctx.clean_prefix}{command}", result))
 
-        commands = "\n".join(results)
+        if await ctx.embed_requested():
-
+            content = "\n".join(map("**{0[0]}** {0[1]}".format, results))
-        if len(commands) < 1500:
+            pages = list(pagify(content, page_length=1024))
-            await ctx.send(box(commands))
+            embed_pages = []
+            for idx, page in enumerate(pages, start=1):
+                embed = discord.Embed(
+                    title=_("Custom Command List"),
+                    description=page,
+                    colour=await ctx.embed_colour(),
+                )
+                embed.set_footer(text=_("Page {num}/{total}").format(num=idx, total=len(pages)))
+                embed_pages.append(embed)
+            await menus.menu(ctx, embed_pages, menus.DEFAULT_CONTROLS)
         else:
-            for page in pagify(commands, delims=[" ", "\n"]):
+            content = "\n".join(map("{0[0]:<12} : {0[1]}".format, results))
-                await ctx.author.send(box(page))
+            pages = list(map(box, pagify(content, page_length=2000, shorten_by=10)))
+            await menus.menu(ctx, pages, menus.DEFAULT_CONTROLS)
 
     async def on_message(self, message):
         is_private = isinstance(message.channel, discord.abc.PrivateChannel)
@@ -411,11 +429,11 @@ class CustomCommands(commands.Cog):
 
     async def cc_command(self, ctx, *cc_args, raw_response, **cc_kwargs) -> None:
         cc_args = (*cc_args, *cc_kwargs.values())
-        results = re.findall(r"\{([^}]+)\}", raw_response)
+        results = re.findall(r"{([^}]+)\}", raw_response)
         for result in results:
             param = self.transform_parameter(result, ctx.message)
             raw_response = raw_response.replace("{" + result + "}", param)
-        results = re.findall(r"\{((\d+)[^\.}]*(\.[^:}]+)?[^}]*)\}", raw_response)
+        results = re.findall(r"{((\d+)[^.}]*(\.[^:}]+)?[^}]*)\}", raw_response)
         if results:
             low = min(int(result[1]) for result in results)
             for result in results:
@@ -424,9 +442,10 @@ class CustomCommands(commands.Cog):
                 raw_response = raw_response.replace("{" + result[0] + "}", arg)
         await ctx.send(raw_response)
 
-    def prepare_args(self, raw_response) -> Mapping[str, Parameter]:
+    @staticmethod
-        args = re.findall(r"\{(\d+)[^:}]*(:[^\.}]*)?[^}]*\}", raw_response)
+    def prepare_args(raw_response) -> Mapping[str, Parameter]:
-        default = [["ctx", Parameter("ctx", Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD)]]
+        args = re.findall(r"{(\d+)[^:}]*(:[^.}]*)?[^}]*\}", raw_response)
+        default = [("ctx", Parameter("ctx", Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD))]
         if not args:
             return OrderedDict(default)
         allowed_builtins = {
@@ -466,7 +485,7 @@ class CustomCommands(commands.Cog):
             try:
                 anno = getattr(discord, anno)
                 # force an AttributeError if there's no discord.py converter
-                getattr(commands.converter, anno.__name__ + "Converter")
+                getattr(commands, anno.__name__ + "Converter")
             except AttributeError:
                 anno = allowed_builtins.get(anno.lower(), Parameter.empty)
             if (
@@ -520,7 +539,8 @@ class CustomCommands(commands.Cog):
         # only update cooldowns if the command isn't on cooldown
         self.cooldowns.update(new_cooldowns)
 
-    def transform_arg(self, result, attr, obj) -> str:
+    @staticmethod
+    def transform_arg(result, attr, obj) -> str:
         attr = attr[1:]  # strip initial dot
         if not attr:
             return str(obj)
@@ -530,7 +550,8 @@ class CustomCommands(commands.Cog):
             return raw_result
         return str(getattr(obj, attr, raw_result))
 
-    def transform_parameter(self, result, message) -> str:
+    @staticmethod
+    def transform_parameter(result, message) -> str:
         """
         For security reasons only specific objects are allowed
         Internals are ignored
@@ -554,3 +575,14 @@ class CustomCommands(commands.Cog):
         else:
             return raw_result
         return str(getattr(first, second, raw_result))
+
+    async def get_command_names(self, guild: discord.Guild) -> Set[str]:
+        """Get all custom command names in a guild.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        Set[str]
+            A set of all custom command names.
+
+        """
+        return set(await CommandObj.get_commands(self.config.guild(guild)))

redbot/cogs/downloader/converters.py

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import discord
 from redbot.core import commands
+from redbot.core.i18n import Translator
 from .installable import Installable
 
+_ = Translator("Koala", __file__)
+
 
 class InstalledCog(Installable):
     @classmethod

redbot/cogs/downloader/downloader.py

@@ -325,13 +325,12 @@ class Downloader(commands.Cog):
         You may only uninstall cogs which were previously installed
         by Downloader.
         """
-        # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences,PyProtectedMember
         real_name = cog.name
 
         poss_installed_path = (await self.cog_install_path()) / real_name
         if poss_installed_path.exists():
+            ctx.bot.unload_extension(real_name)
             await self._delete_cog(poss_installed_path)
-            # noinspection PyTypeChecker
             await self._remove_from_installed(cog)
             await ctx.send(
                 _("Cog `{cog_name}` was successfully uninstalled.").format(cog_name=real_name)
@@ -344,7 +343,7 @@ class Downloader(commands.Cog):
                     " files manually if it is still usable."
                     " Also make sure you've unloaded the cog"
                     " with `{prefix}unload {cog_name}`."
-                ).format(cog_name=real_name)
+                ).format(prefix=ctx.prefix, cog_name=real_name)
             )
 
     @cog.command(name="update")
@@ -372,13 +371,18 @@ class Downloader(commands.Cog):
                 await self._reinstall_libraries(installed_and_updated)
                 message = _("Cog update completed successfully.")
 
-                cognames = [c.name for c in installed_and_updated]
+                cognames = {c.name for c in installed_and_updated}
                 message += _("\nUpdated: ") + humanize_list(tuple(map(inline, cognames)))
             else:
                 await ctx.send(_("All installed cogs are already up to date."))
                 return
         await ctx.send(message)
 
+        cognames &= set(ctx.bot.extensions.keys())  # only reload loaded cogs
+        if not cognames:
+            return await ctx.send(
+                _("None of the updated cogs were previously loaded. Update complete.")
+            )
         message = _("Would you like to reload the updated cogs?")
         can_react = ctx.channel.permissions_for(ctx.me).add_reactions
         if not can_react:
@@ -402,7 +406,6 @@ class Downloader(commands.Cog):
             if can_react:
                 with contextlib.suppress(discord.Forbidden):
                     await query.clear_reactions()
-
             await ctx.invoke(ctx.bot.get_cog("Core").reload, *cognames)
         else:
             if can_react:

redbot/cogs/economy/economy.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from typing import cast, Iterable
 import discord
 
 from redbot.cogs.bank import check_global_setting_guildowner, check_global_setting_admin
-from redbot.core import Config, bank, commands
+from redbot.core import Config, bank, commands, errors
 from redbot.core.i18n import Translator, cog_i18n
 from redbot.core.utils.chat_formatting import box
 from redbot.core.utils.menus import menu, DEFAULT_CONTROLS
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class Economy(commands.Cog):
 
         try:
             await bank.transfer_credits(from_, to, amount)
-        except ValueError as e:
+        except (ValueError, errors.BalanceTooHigh) as e:
             return await ctx.send(str(e))
 
         await ctx.send(
@@ -195,36 +195,35 @@ class Economy(commands.Cog):
         author = ctx.author
         currency = await bank.get_currency_name(ctx.guild)
 
+        try:
             if creds.operation == "deposit":
                 await bank.deposit_credits(to, creds.sum)
-            await ctx.send(
+                msg = _("{author} added {num} {currency} to {user}'s account.").format(
-                _("{author} added {num} {currency} to {user}'s account.").format(
                     author=author.display_name,
                     num=creds.sum,
                     currency=currency,
                     user=to.display_name,
                 )
-            )
             elif creds.operation == "withdraw":
                 await bank.withdraw_credits(to, creds.sum)
-            await ctx.send(
+                msg = _("{author} removed {num} {currency} from {user}'s account.").format(
-                _("{author} removed {num} {currency} from {user}'s account.").format(
                     author=author.display_name,
                     num=creds.sum,
                     currency=currency,
                     user=to.display_name,
                 )
-            )
             else:
                 await bank.set_balance(to, creds.sum)
-            await ctx.send(
+                msg = _("{author} set {user}'s account balance to {num} {currency}.").format(
-                _("{author} set {users}'s account balance to {num} {currency}.").format(
                     author=author.display_name,
                     num=creds.sum,
                     currency=currency,
                     user=to.display_name,
                 )
-            )
+        except (ValueError, errors.BalanceTooHigh) as e:
+            await ctx.send(str(e))
+        else:
+            await ctx.send(msg)
 
     @_bank.command()
     @check_global_setting_guildowner()
@@ -260,7 +259,18 @@ class Economy(commands.Cog):
         if await bank.is_global():  # Role payouts will not be used
             next_payday = await self.config.user(author).next_payday()
             if cur_time >= next_payday:
+                try:
                     await bank.deposit_credits(author, await self.config.PAYDAY_CREDITS())
+                except errors.BalanceTooHigh as exc:
+                    await bank.set_balance(author, exc.max_balance)
+                    await ctx.send(
+                        _(
+                            "You've reached the maximum amount of {currency}! (**{balance:,}**) "
+                            "Please spend some more \N{GRIMACING FACE}\n\n"
+                            "You currently have {new_balance} {currency}."
+                        ).format(currency=credits_name, new_balance=exc.max_balance)
+                    )
+                    return
                 next_payday = cur_time + await self.config.PAYDAY_TIME()
                 await self.config.user(author).next_payday.set(next_payday)
 
@@ -268,7 +278,7 @@ class Economy(commands.Cog):
                 await ctx.send(
                     _(
                         "{author.mention} Here, take some {currency}. "
-                        "Enjoy! (+{amount} {new_balance}!)\n\n"
+                        "Enjoy! (+{amount} {currency}!)\n\n"
                         "You currently have {new_balance} {currency}.\n\n"
                         "You are currently #{pos} on the global leaderboard!"
                     ).format(
@@ -297,14 +307,25 @@ class Economy(commands.Cog):
                     ).PAYDAY_CREDITS()  # Nice variable name
                     if role_credits > credit_amount:
                         credit_amount = role_credits
+                try:
                     await bank.deposit_credits(author, credit_amount)
+                except errors.BalanceTooHigh as exc:
+                    await bank.set_balance(author, exc.max_balance)
+                    await ctx.send(
+                        _(
+                            "You've reached the maximum amount of {currency}! "
+                            "Please spend some more \N{GRIMACING FACE}\n\n"
+                            "You currently have {new_balance} {currency}."
+                        ).format(currency=credits_name, new_balance=exc.max_balance)
+                    )
+                    return
                 next_payday = cur_time + await self.config.guild(guild).PAYDAY_TIME()
                 await self.config.member(author).next_payday.set(next_payday)
                 pos = await bank.get_leaderboard_position(author)
                 await ctx.send(
                     _(
                         "{author.mention} Here, take some {currency}. "
-                        "Enjoy! (+{amount} {new_balance}!)\n\n"
+                        "Enjoy! (+{amount} {currency}!)\n\n"
                         "You currently have {new_balance} {currency}.\n\n"
                         "You are currently #{pos} on the global leaderboard!"
                     ).format(
@@ -444,7 +465,21 @@ class Economy(commands.Cog):
             then = await bank.get_balance(author)
             pay = payout["payout"](bid)
             now = then - bid + pay
+            try:
                 await bank.set_balance(author, now)
+            except errors.BalanceTooHigh as exc:
+                await bank.set_balance(author, exc.max_balance)
+                await channel.send(
+                    _(
+                        "You've reached the maximum amount of {currency}! "
+                        "Please spend some more \N{GRIMACING FACE}\n{old_balance} -> {new_balance}!"
+                    ).format(
+                        currency=await bank.get_currency_name(getattr(channel, "guild", None)),
+                        old_balance=then,
+                        new_balance=exc.max_balance,
+                    )
+                )
+                return
             phrase = T_(payout["phrase"])
         else:
             then = await bank.get_balance(author)
@@ -561,10 +596,10 @@ class Economy(commands.Cog):
     async def paydayamount(self, ctx: commands.Context, creds: int):
         """Set the amount earned each payday."""
         guild = ctx.guild
-        credits_name = await bank.get_currency_name(guild)
+        if creds <= 0 or creds > bank.MAX_BALANCE:
-        if creds <= 0:
             await ctx.send(_("Har har so funny."))
             return
+        credits_name = await bank.get_currency_name(guild)
         if await bank.is_global():
             await self.config.PAYDAY_CREDITS.set(creds)
         else:
@@ -579,6 +614,9 @@ class Economy(commands.Cog):
     async def rolepaydayamount(self, ctx: commands.Context, role: discord.Role, creds: int):
         """Set the amount earned each payday for a role."""
         guild = ctx.guild
+        if creds <= 0 or creds > bank.MAX_BALANCE:
+            await ctx.send(_("Har har so funny."))
+            return
         credits_name = await bank.get_currency_name(guild)
         if await bank.is_global():
             await ctx.send(_("The bank must be per-server for per-role paydays to work."))

redbot/cogs/mod/mod.py

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class Mod(commands.Cog):
                 yes_or_no=_("Yes") if respect_hierarchy else _("No")
             )
             msg += _("Delete delay: {num_seconds}\n").format(
-                num_seconds=_("{num} seconds").format(delete_delay)
+                num_seconds=_("{num} seconds").format(num=delete_delay)
                 if delete_delay != -1
                 else _("None")
             )
@@ -748,7 +748,8 @@ class Mod(commands.Cog):
         to send the newly unbanned user
         :returns: :class:`Invite`"""
         guild = ctx.guild
-        if guild.me.permissions.manage_guild:
+        my_perms: discord.Permissions = guild.me.guild_permissions
+        if my_perms.manage_guild or my_perms.administrator:
             if "VANITY_URL" in guild.features:
                 # guild has a vanity url so use it as the one to send
                 return await guild.vanity_invite()
@@ -824,7 +825,7 @@ class Mod(commands.Cog):
     @admin_or_voice_permissions(mute_members=True, deafen_members=True)
     @bot_has_voice_permissions(mute_members=True, deafen_members=True)
     async def voiceunban(self, ctx: commands.Context, user: discord.Member, *, reason: str = None):
-        """Unban a the user from speaking and listening in the server's voice channels."""
+        """Unban a user from speaking and listening in the server's voice channels."""
         user_voice_state = user.voice
         if user_voice_state is None:
             await ctx.send(_("No voice state for that user!"))
@@ -892,20 +893,23 @@ class Mod(commands.Cog):
         author = ctx.author
         if user_voice_state:
             channel = user_voice_state.channel
-            if channel and channel.permissions_for(user).speak:
+            if channel:
-                overwrites = channel.overwrites_for(user)
+                audit_reason = get_audit_reason(author, reason)
-                overwrites.speak = False
+
-                audit_reason = get_audit_reason(ctx.author, reason)
+                success, issue = await self.mute_user(guild, channel, author, user, audit_reason)
-                await channel.set_permissions(user, overwrite=overwrites, reason=audit_reason)
+
+                if success:
                     await ctx.send(
-                    _("Muted {user} in channel {channel.name}").format(user, channel=channel)
+                        _("Muted {user} in channel {channel.name}").format(
+                            user=user, channel=channel
+                        )
                     )
                     try:
                         await modlog.create_case(
                             self.bot,
                             guild,
                             ctx.message.created_at,
-                        "boicemute",
+                            "vmute",
                             user,
                             author,
                             reason,
@@ -914,12 +918,8 @@ class Mod(commands.Cog):
                         )
                     except RuntimeError as e:
                         await ctx.send(e)
-                return
+                else:
-            elif channel.permissions_for(user).speak is False:
+                    await channel.send(issue)
-                await ctx.send(
-                    _("That user is already muted in {channel}!").format(channel=channel.name)
-                )
-                return
             else:
                 await ctx.send(_("That user is not in a voice channel right now!"))
         else:
@@ -937,13 +937,7 @@ class Mod(commands.Cog):
         author = ctx.message.author
         channel = ctx.message.channel
         guild = ctx.guild
-
+        audit_reason = get_audit_reason(author, reason)
-        if reason is None:
-            audit_reason = "Channel mute requested by {a} (ID {a.id})".format(a=author)
-        else:
-            audit_reason = "Channel mute requested by {a} (ID {a.id}). Reason: {r}".format(
-                a=author, r=reason
-            )
 
         success, issue = await self.mute_user(guild, channel, author, user, audit_reason)
 
@@ -974,24 +968,10 @@ class Mod(commands.Cog):
         """Mutes user in the server"""
         author = ctx.message.author
         guild = ctx.guild
-        if reason is None:
+        audit_reason = get_audit_reason(author, reason)
-            audit_reason = "server mute requested by {author} (ID {author.id})".format(
-                author=author
-            )
-        else:
-            audit_reason = (
-                "server mute requested by {author} (ID {author.id}). Reason: {reason}"
-            ).format(author=author, reason=reason)
 
         mute_success = []
         for channel in guild.channels:
-            if not isinstance(channel, discord.TextChannel):
-                if channel.permissions_for(user).speak:
-                    overwrites = channel.overwrites_for(user)
-                    overwrites.speak = False
-                    audit_reason = get_audit_reason(ctx.author, reason)
-                    await channel.set_permissions(user, overwrite=overwrites, reason=audit_reason)
-            else:
             success, issue = await self.mute_user(guild, channel, author, user, audit_reason)
             mute_success.append((success, issue))
             await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
@@ -1014,7 +994,7 @@ class Mod(commands.Cog):
     async def mute_user(
         self,
         guild: discord.Guild,
-        channel: discord.TextChannel,
+        channel: discord.abc.GuildChannel,
         author: discord.Member,
         user: discord.Member,
         reason: str,
@@ -1022,25 +1002,32 @@ class Mod(commands.Cog):
         """Mutes the specified user in the specified channel"""
         overwrites = channel.overwrites_for(user)
         permissions = channel.permissions_for(user)
-        perms_cache = await self.settings.member(user).perms_cache()
 
-        if overwrites.send_messages is False or permissions.send_messages is False:
+        if permissions.administrator:
+            return False, T_(mute_unmute_issues["is_admin"])
+
+        new_overs = {}
+        if not isinstance(channel, discord.TextChannel):
+            new_overs.update(speak=False)
+        if not isinstance(channel, discord.VoiceChannel):
+            new_overs.update(send_messages=False, add_reactions=False)
+
+        if all(getattr(permissions, p) is False for p in new_overs.keys()):
             return False, T_(mute_unmute_issues["already_muted"])
 
         elif not await is_allowed_by_hierarchy(self.bot, self.settings, guild, author, user):
             return False, T_(mute_unmute_issues["hierarchy_problem"])
 
-        perms_cache[str(channel.id)] = {
+        old_overs = {k: getattr(overwrites, k) for k in new_overs}
-            "send_messages": overwrites.send_messages,
+        overwrites.update(**new_overs)
-            "add_reactions": overwrites.add_reactions,
-        }
-        overwrites.update(send_messages=False, add_reactions=False)
         try:
             await channel.set_permissions(user, overwrite=overwrites, reason=reason)
         except discord.Forbidden:
             return False, T_(mute_unmute_issues["permissions_issue"])
         else:
-            await self.settings.member(user).perms_cache.set(perms_cache)
+            await self.settings.member(user).set_raw(
+                "perms_cache", str(channel.id), value=old_overs
+            )
             return True, None
 
     @commands.group()
@@ -1060,18 +1047,21 @@ class Mod(commands.Cog):
     ):
         """Unmute a user in their current voice channel."""
         user_voice_state = user.voice
+        guild = ctx.guild
+        author = ctx.author
         if user_voice_state:
             channel = user_voice_state.channel
-            if channel and channel.permissions_for(user).speak is False:
+            if channel:
-                overwrites = channel.overwrites_for(user)
+                audit_reason = get_audit_reason(author, reason)
-                overwrites.speak = None
+
-                audit_reason = get_audit_reason(ctx.author, reason)
+                success, message = await self.unmute_user(
-                await channel.set_permissions(user, overwrite=overwrites, reason=audit_reason)
+                    guild, channel, author, user, audit_reason
-                author = ctx.author
+                )
-                guild = ctx.guild
+
+                if success:
                     await ctx.send(
-                    _("Unmuted {}#{} in channel {}").format(
+                        _("Unmuted {user} in channel {channel.name}").format(
-                        user.name, user.discriminator, channel.name
+                            user=user, channel=channel
                         )
                     )
                     try:
@@ -1079,7 +1069,7 @@ class Mod(commands.Cog):
                             self.bot,
                             guild,
                             ctx.message.created_at,
-                        "voiceunmute",
+                            "vunmute",
                             user,
                             author,
                             reason,
@@ -1088,9 +1078,8 @@ class Mod(commands.Cog):
                         )
                     except RuntimeError as e:
                         await ctx.send(e)
-            elif channel.permissions_for(user).speak:
+                else:
-                await ctx.send(_("That user is already unmuted in {}!").format(channel.name))
+                    await ctx.send(_("Unmute failed. Reason: {}").format(message))
-                return
             else:
                 await ctx.send(_("That user is not in a voice channel right now!"))
         else:
@@ -1108,8 +1097,9 @@ class Mod(commands.Cog):
         channel = ctx.channel
         author = ctx.author
         guild = ctx.guild
+        audit_reason = get_audit_reason(author, reason)
 
-        success, message = await self.unmute_user(guild, channel, author, user)
+        success, message = await self.unmute_user(guild, channel, author, user, audit_reason)
 
         if success:
             await ctx.send(_("User unmuted in this channel."))
@@ -1140,16 +1130,11 @@ class Mod(commands.Cog):
         """Unmute a user in this server."""
         guild = ctx.guild
         author = ctx.author
+        audit_reason = get_audit_reason(author, reason)
 
         unmute_success = []
         for channel in guild.channels:
-            if not isinstance(channel, discord.TextChannel):
+            success, message = await self.unmute_user(guild, channel, author, user, audit_reason)
-                if channel.permissions_for(user).speak is False:
-                    overwrites = channel.overwrites_for(user)
-                    overwrites.speak = None
-                    audit_reason = get_audit_reason(author, reason)
-                    await channel.set_permissions(user, overwrite=overwrites, reason=audit_reason)
-            success, message = await self.unmute_user(guild, channel, author, user)
             unmute_success.append((success, message))
             await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
         await ctx.send(_("User has been unmuted in this server."))
@@ -1170,45 +1155,37 @@ class Mod(commands.Cog):
     async def unmute_user(
         self,
         guild: discord.Guild,
-        channel: discord.TextChannel,
+        channel: discord.abc.GuildChannel,
         author: discord.Member,
         user: discord.Member,
+        reason: str,
     ) -> (bool, str):
         overwrites = channel.overwrites_for(user)
-        permissions = channel.permissions_for(user)
         perms_cache = await self.settings.member(user).perms_cache()
 
-        if overwrites.send_messages or permissions.send_messages:
+        if channel.id in perms_cache:
+            old_values = perms_cache[channel.id]
+        else:
+            old_values = {"send_messages": None, "add_reactions": None, "speak": None}
+
+        if all(getattr(overwrites, k) == v for k, v in old_values.items()):
             return False, T_(mute_unmute_issues["already_unmuted"])
 
         elif not await is_allowed_by_hierarchy(self.bot, self.settings, guild, author, user):
             return False, T_(mute_unmute_issues["hierarchy_problem"])
 
-        if channel.id in perms_cache:
+        overwrites.update(**old_values)
-            old_values = perms_cache[channel.id]
-        else:
-            old_values = {"send_messages": None, "add_reactions": None}
-        overwrites.update(
-            send_messages=old_values["send_messages"], add_reactions=old_values["add_reactions"]
-        )
-        is_empty = self.are_overwrites_empty(overwrites)
-
         try:
-            if not is_empty:
+            if overwrites.is_empty():
-                await channel.set_permissions(user, overwrite=overwrites)
-            else:
                 await channel.set_permissions(
-                    user, overwrite=cast(discord.PermissionOverwrite, None)
+                    user, overwrite=cast(discord.PermissionOverwrite, None), reason=reason
                 )
+            else:
+                await channel.set_permissions(user, overwrite=overwrites, reason=reason)
         except discord.Forbidden:
             return False, T_(mute_unmute_issues["permissions_issue"])
         else:
-            try:
+            await self.settings.member(user).clear_raw("perms_cache", str(channel.id))
-                del perms_cache[channel.id]
-            except KeyError:
-                pass
-            else:
-                await self.settings.member(user).perms_cache.set(perms_cache)
             return True, None
 
     @commands.group()
@@ -1694,20 +1671,15 @@ class Mod(commands.Cog):
                 while len(nick_list) > 20:
                     nick_list.pop(0)
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def are_overwrites_empty(overwrites):
-        """There is currently no cleaner way to check if a
-        PermissionOverwrite object is empty"""
-        return [p for p in iter(overwrites)] == [p for p in iter(discord.PermissionOverwrite())]
-
 
 _ = lambda s: s
 mute_unmute_issues = {
     "already_muted": _("That user can't send messages in this channel."),
-    "already_unmuted": _("That user isn't muted in this channel!"),
+    "already_unmuted": _("That user isn't muted in this channel."),
     "hierarchy_problem": _(
-        "I cannot let you do that. You are not higher than " "the user in the role hierarchy."
+        "I cannot let you do that. You are not higher than the user in the role hierarchy."
     ),
+    "is_admin": _("That user cannot be muted, as they have the Administrator permission."),
     "permissions_issue": _(
         "Failed to mute user. I need the manage roles "
         "permission and the user I'm muting must be "

redbot/cogs/permissions/permissions.py

@@ -542,7 +542,8 @@ class Permissions(commands.Cog):
                 continue
             conf = self.config.custom(category)
             for cmd_name, cmd_rules in rules_dict.items():
-                await conf.set_raw(cmd_name, guild_id, value=cmd_rules)
+                cmd_rules = {str(model_id): rule for model_id, rule in cmd_rules.items()}
+                await conf.set_raw(cmd_name, str(guild_id), value=cmd_rules)
                 cmd_obj = getter(cmd_name)
                 if cmd_obj is not None:
                     self._load_rules_for(cmd_obj, {guild_id: cmd_rules})
@@ -651,14 +652,14 @@ class Permissions(commands.Cog):
                 if category in old_rules:
                     for name, rules in old_rules[category].items():
                         these_rules = new_rules.setdefault(name, {})
-                        guild_rules = these_rules.setdefault(guild_id, {})
+                        guild_rules = these_rules.setdefault(str(guild_id), {})
                         # Since allow rules would take precedence if the same model ID
                         # sat in both the allow and deny list, we add the deny entries
                         # first and let any conflicting allow entries overwrite.
                         for model_id in rules.get("deny", []):
-                            guild_rules[model_id] = False
+                            guild_rules[str(model_id)] = False
                         for model_id in rules.get("allow", []):
-                            guild_rules[model_id] = True
+                            guild_rules[str(model_id)] = True
                         if "default" in rules:
                             default = rules["default"]
                             if default == "allow":
@@ -689,7 +690,9 @@ class Permissions(commands.Cog):
         """
         for guild_id, guild_dict in _int_key_map(rule_dict.items()):
             for model_id, rule in _int_key_map(guild_dict.items()):
-                if rule is True:
+                if model_id == "default":
+                    cog_or_command.set_default_rule(rule, guild_id=guild_id)
+                elif rule is True:
                     cog_or_command.allow_for(model_id, guild_id=guild_id)
                 elif rule is False:
                     cog_or_command.deny_to(model_id, guild_id=guild_id)
@@ -724,9 +727,16 @@ class Permissions(commands.Cog):
         rules.
         """
         for guild_id, guild_dict in _int_key_map(rule_dict.items()):
-            for model_id in map(int, guild_dict.keys()):
+            for model_id in guild_dict.keys():
-                cog_or_command.clear_rule_for(model_id, guild_id)
+                if model_id == "default":
+                    cog_or_command.set_default_rule(None, guild_id=guild_id)
+                else:
+                    cog_or_command.clear_rule_for(int(model_id), guild_id=guild_id)
 
 
-def _int_key_map(items_view: ItemsView[str, Any]) -> Iterator[Tuple[int, Any]]:
+def _int_key_map(items_view: ItemsView[str, Any]) -> Iterator[Tuple[Union[str, int], Any]]:
-    return map(lambda tup: (int(tup[0]), tup[1]), items_view)
+    for k, v in items_view:
+        if k == "default":
+            yield k, v
+        else:
+            yield int(k), v

redbot/cogs/streams/streams.py

@@ -626,7 +626,12 @@ class Streams(commands.Cog):
             raw_stream["_messages_cache"] = []
             for raw_msg in raw_msg_cache:
                 chn = self.bot.get_channel(raw_msg["channel"])
+                if chn is not None:
+                    try:
                         msg = await chn.get_message(raw_msg["message"])
+                    except discord.HTTPException:
+                        pass
+                    else:
                         raw_stream["_messages_cache"].append(msg)
             token = await self.db.tokens.get_raw(_class.__name__, default=None)
             if token is not None:
@@ -646,7 +651,12 @@ class Streams(commands.Cog):
             raw_community["_messages_cache"] = []
             for raw_msg in raw_msg_cache:
                 chn = self.bot.get_channel(raw_msg["channel"])
+                if chn is not None:
+                    try:
                         msg = await chn.get_message(raw_msg["message"])
+                    except discord.HTTPException:
+                        pass
+                    else:
                         raw_community["_messages_cache"].append(msg)
             token = await self.db.tokens.get_raw(_class.__name__, default=None)
             communities.append(_class(token=token, **raw_community))

redbot/cogs/trivia/session.py

@@ -322,9 +322,9 @@ def _parse_answers(answers):
     for answer in answers:
         if isinstance(answer, bool):
             if answer is True:
-                ret.extend(["True", "Yes", _("Yes")])
+                ret.extend(["True", "Yes", "On"])
             else:
-                ret.extend(["False", "No", _("No")])
+                ret.extend(["False", "No", "Off"])
         else:
             ret.append(str(answer))
     # Uniquify list

redbot/cogs/warnings/helpers.py

@@ -19,9 +19,11 @@ async def warning_points_add_check(
     act = {}
     async with guild_settings.actions() as registered_actions:
         for a in registered_actions:
+            # Actions are sorted in decreasing order of points.
+            # The first action we find where the user is above the threshold will be the
+            # highest action we can take.
             if points >= a["points"]:
                 act = a
-            else:
                 break
     if act and act["exceed_command"] is not None:  # some action needs to be taken
         await create_and_invoke_context(ctx, act["exceed_command"], user)

redbot/cogs/warnings/warnings.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from redbot.cogs.warnings.helpers import (
     get_command_for_dropping_points,
     warning_points_remove_check,
 )
-from redbot.core import Config, modlog, checks, commands
+from redbot.core import Config, checks, commands
 from redbot.core.bot import Red
 from redbot.core.i18n import Translator, cog_i18n
 from redbot.core.utils.mod import is_admin_or_superior
@@ -34,15 +34,14 @@ class Warnings(commands.Cog):
         self.config.register_guild(**self.default_guild)
         self.config.register_member(**self.default_member)
         self.bot = bot
-        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
-        loop.create_task(self.register_warningtype())
 
-    @staticmethod
+    # We're not utilising modlog yet - no need to register a casetype
-    async def register_warningtype():
+    # @staticmethod
-        try:
+    # async def register_warningtype():
-            await modlog.register_casetype("warning", True, "\N{WARNING SIGN}", "Warning", None)
+    #     try:
-        except RuntimeError:
+    #         await modlog.register_casetype("warning", True, "\N{WARNING SIGN}", "Warning", None)
-            pass
+    #     except RuntimeError:
+    #         pass
 
     @commands.group()
     @commands.guild_only()

redbot/core/__init__.py

@@ -148,5 +148,5 @@ class VersionInfo:
         )
 
 
-__version__ = "3.0.0rc1.post1"
+__version__ = "3.0.0rc2"
 version_info = VersionInfo.from_str(__version__)

redbot/core/bank.py

@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ from typing import Union, List, Optional
 
 import discord
 
-from redbot.core import Config
+from . import Config, errors
 
 __all__ = [
+    "MAX_BALANCE",
     "Account",
     "get_balance",
     "set_balance",
@@ -26,6 +27,8 @@ __all__ = [
     "set_default_balance",
 ]
 
+MAX_BALANCE = 2 ** 63 - 1
+
 _DEFAULT_GLOBAL = {
     "is_global": False,
     "bank_name": "Twentysix bank",
@@ -170,10 +173,22 @@ async def set_balance(member: discord.Member, amount: int) -> int:
     ------
     ValueError
         If attempting to set the balance to a negative number.
+    BalanceTooHigh
+        If attempting to set the balance to a value greater than
+        ``bank.MAX_BALANCE``
 
     """
     if amount < 0:
         raise ValueError("Not allowed to have negative balance.")
+    if amount > MAX_BALANCE:
+        currency = (
+            await get_currency_name()
+            if await is_global()
+            else await get_currency_name(member.guild)
+        )
+        raise errors.BalanceTooHigh(
+            user=member.display_name, max_balance=MAX_BALANCE, currency_name=currency
+        )
     if await is_global():
         group = _conf.user(member)
     else:

redbot/core/bot.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import asyncio
+import inspect
 import os
 import logging
 from collections import Counter
@@ -11,10 +12,10 @@ import discord
 import sys
 from discord.ext.commands import when_mentioned_or
 
+from . import Config, i18n, commands, errors
 from .cog_manager import CogManager
-from . import Config, i18n, commands
-from .rpc import RPCMixin
 from .help_formatter import Help, help as help_
+from .rpc import RPCMixin
 from .sentry import SentryManager
 from .utils import common_filters
 
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ class RedBase(commands.GroupMixin, commands.bot.BotBase, RPCMixin):
     async def load_extension(self, spec: ModuleSpec):
         name = spec.name.split(".")[-1]
         if name in self.extensions:
-            raise discord.ClientException(f"there is already a package named {name} loaded")
+            raise errors.PackageAlreadyLoaded(spec)
 
         lib = spec.loader.load_module()
         if not hasattr(lib, "setup"):
@@ -236,16 +237,9 @@ class RedBase(commands.GroupMixin, commands.bot.BotBase, RPCMixin):
         if cog is None:
             return
 
-        for when in ("before", "after"):
+        for cls in inspect.getmro(cog.__class__):
             try:
-                hook = getattr(cog, f"_{cog.__class__.__name__}__red_permissions_{when}")
+                hook = getattr(cog, f"_{cls.__name__}__permissions_hook")
-            except AttributeError:
-                pass
-            else:
-                self.remove_permissions_hook(hook, when)
-
-        try:
-            hook = getattr(cog, f"_{cog.__class__.__name__}__red_permissions_before")
             except AttributeError:
                 pass
             else:
@@ -390,10 +384,17 @@ class RedBase(commands.GroupMixin, commands.bot.BotBase, RPCMixin):
             )
         if not hasattr(cog, "requires"):
             commands.Cog.__init__(cog)
+
+        for cls in inspect.getmro(cog.__class__):
+            try:
+                hook = getattr(cog, f"_{cls.__name__}__permissions_hook")
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.add_permissions_hook(hook)
+
         for attr in dir(cog):
             _attr = getattr(cog, attr)
-            if attr == f"_{cog.__class__.__name__}__permissions_hook":
-                self.add_permissions_hook(_attr)
             if isinstance(_attr, discord.ext.commands.Command) and not isinstance(
                 _attr, commands.Command
             ):

redbot/core/config.py

@@ -39,17 +39,21 @@ class _ValueCtxManager(Awaitable[_T], AsyncContextManager[_T]):
 
     async def __aenter__(self):
         self.raw_value = await self
-        self.__original_value = deepcopy(self.raw_value)
         if not isinstance(self.raw_value, (list, dict)):
             raise TypeError(
                 "Type of retrieved value must be mutable (i.e. "
                 "list or dict) in order to use a config value as "
                 "a context manager."
             )
+        self.__original_value = deepcopy(self.raw_value)
         return self.raw_value
 
     async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):
-        if self.raw_value != self.__original_value:
+        if isinstance(self.raw_value, dict):
+            raw_value = _str_key_dict(self.raw_value)
+        else:
+            raw_value = self.raw_value
+        if raw_value != self.__original_value:
             await self.value_obj.set(self.raw_value)
 
 
@@ -58,7 +62,7 @@ class Value:
 
     Attributes
     ----------
-    identifiers : `tuple` of `str`
+    identifiers : Tuple[str]
         This attribute provides all the keys necessary to get a specific data
         element from a json document.
     default
@@ -69,15 +73,10 @@ class Value:
     """
 
     def __init__(self, identifiers: Tuple[str], default_value, driver):
-        self._identifiers = identifiers
+        self.identifiers = identifiers
         self.default = default_value
-
         self.driver = driver
 
-    @property
-    def identifiers(self):
-        return tuple(str(i) for i in self._identifiers)
-
     async def _get(self, default=...):
         try:
             ret = await self.driver.get(*self.identifiers)
@@ -149,6 +148,8 @@ class Value:
             The new literal value of this attribute.
 
         """
+        if isinstance(value, dict):
+            value = _str_key_dict(value)
         await self.driver.set(*self.identifiers, value=value)
 
     async def clear(self):
@@ -192,7 +193,10 @@ class Group(Value):
     async def _get(self, default: Dict[str, Any] = ...) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         default = default if default is not ... else self.defaults
         raw = await super()._get(default)
+        if isinstance(raw, dict):
             return self.nested_update(raw, default)
+        else:
+            return raw
 
     # noinspection PyTypeChecker
     def __getattr__(self, item: str) -> Union["Group", Value]:
@@ -238,7 +242,7 @@ class Group(Value):
         else:
             return Value(identifiers=new_identifiers, default_value=None, driver=self.driver)
 
-    async def clear_raw(self, *nested_path: str):
+    async def clear_raw(self, *nested_path: Any):
         """
         Allows a developer to clear data as if it was stored in a standard
         Python dictionary.
@@ -254,44 +258,44 @@ class Group(Value):
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-        nested_path : str
+        nested_path : Any
             Multiple arguments that mirror the arguments passed in for nested
-            dict access.
+            dict access. These are casted to `str` for you.
         """
         path = [str(p) for p in nested_path]
         await self.driver.clear(*self.identifiers, *path)
 
-    def is_group(self, item: str) -> bool:
+    def is_group(self, item: Any) -> bool:
         """A helper method for `__getattr__`. Most developers will have no need
         to use this.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-        item : str
+        item : Any
             See `__getattr__`.
 
         """
-        default = self._defaults.get(item)
+        default = self._defaults.get(str(item))
         return isinstance(default, dict)
 
-    def is_value(self, item: str) -> bool:
+    def is_value(self, item: Any) -> bool:
         """A helper method for `__getattr__`. Most developers will have no need
         to use this.
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-        item : str
+        item : Any
             See `__getattr__`.
 
         """
         try:
-            default = self._defaults[item]
+            default = self._defaults[str(item)]
         except KeyError:
             return False
 
         return not isinstance(default, dict)
 
-    def get_attr(self, item: str):
+    def get_attr(self, item: Union[int, str]):
         """Manually get an attribute of this Group.
 
         This is available to use as an alternative to using normal Python
@@ -312,7 +316,8 @@ class Group(Value):
         Parameters
         ----------
         item : str
-            The name of the data field in `Config`.
+            The name of the data field in `Config`. This is casted to
+            `str` for you.
 
         Returns
         -------
@@ -320,9 +325,11 @@ class Group(Value):
             The attribute which was requested.
 
         """
+        if isinstance(item, int):
+            item = str(item)
         return self.__getattr__(item)
 
-    async def get_raw(self, *nested_path: str, default=...):
+    async def get_raw(self, *nested_path: Any, default=...):
         """
         Allows a developer to access data as if it was stored in a standard
         Python dictionary.
@@ -345,7 +352,7 @@ class Group(Value):
         ----------
         nested_path : str
             Multiple arguments that mirror the arguments passed in for nested
-            dict access.
+            dict access. These are casted to `str` for you.
         default
             Default argument for the value attempting to be accessed. If the
             value does not exist the default will be returned.
@@ -410,7 +417,6 @@ class Group(Value):
 
         If no defaults are passed, then the instance attribute 'defaults'
         will be used.
-
         """
         if defaults is ...:
             defaults = self.defaults
@@ -428,7 +434,7 @@ class Group(Value):
             raise ValueError("You may only set the value of a group to be a dict.")
         await super().set(value)
 
-    async def set_raw(self, *nested_path: str, value):
+    async def set_raw(self, *nested_path: Any, value):
         """
         Allows a developer to set data as if it was stored in a standard
         Python dictionary.
@@ -444,13 +450,15 @@ class Group(Value):
 
         Parameters
         ----------
-        nested_path : str
+        nested_path : Any
             Multiple arguments that mirror the arguments passed in for nested
-            dict access.
+            `dict` access. These are casted to `str` for you.
         value
             The value to store.
         """
         path = [str(p) for p in nested_path]
+        if isinstance(value, dict):
+            value = _str_key_dict(value)
         await self.driver.set(*self.identifiers, *path, value=value)
 
 
@@ -461,9 +469,11 @@ class Config:
     `get_core_conf` for Config used in the core package.
 
     .. important::
-        Most config data should be accessed through its respective group method (e.g. :py:meth:`guild`)
+        Most config data should be accessed through its respective
-        however the process for accessing global data is a bit different. There is no :python:`global` method
+        group method (e.g. :py:meth:`guild`) however the process for
-        because global data is accessed by normal attribute access::
+        accessing global data is a bit different. There is no
+        :python:`global` method because global data is accessed by
+        normal attribute access::
 
             await conf.foo()
 
@@ -548,7 +558,7 @@ class Config:
             A new Config object.
 
         """
-        if cog_instance is None and not cog_name is None:
+        if cog_instance is None and cog_name is not None:
             cog_path_override = cog_data_path(raw_name=cog_name)
         else:
             cog_path_override = cog_data_path(cog_instance=cog_instance)
@@ -635,11 +645,8 @@ class Config:
     def _get_defaults_dict(key: str, value) -> dict:
         """
         Since we're allowing nested config stuff now, not storing the
-            _defaults as a flat dict sounds like a good idea. May turn
+        _defaults as a flat dict sounds like a good idea. May turn out
-            out to be an awful one but we'll see.
+        to be an awful one but we'll see.
-        :param key:
-        :param value:
-        :return:
         """
         ret = {}
         partial = ret
@@ -655,15 +662,12 @@ class Config:
         return ret
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _update_defaults(to_add: dict, _partial: dict):
+    def _update_defaults(to_add: Dict[str, Any], _partial: Dict[str, Any]):
         """
         This tries to update the _defaults dictionary with the nested
         partial dict generated by _get_defaults_dict. This WILL
         throw an error if you try to have both a value and a group
         registered under the same name.
-        :param to_add:
-        :param _partial:
-        :return:
         """
         for k, v in to_add.items():
             val_is_dict = isinstance(v, dict)
@@ -679,7 +683,7 @@ class Config:
             else:
                 _partial[k] = v
 
-    def _register_default(self, key: str, **kwargs):
+    def _register_default(self, key: str, **kwargs: Any):
         if key not in self._defaults:
             self._defaults[key] = {}
 
@@ -720,8 +724,8 @@ class Config:
                 **_defaults
             )
 
-        You can do the same thing without a :python:`_defaults` dict by using double underscore as a variable
+        You can do the same thing without a :python:`_defaults` dict by
-        name separator::
+        using double underscore as a variable name separator::
 
             # This is equivalent to the previous example
             conf.register_global(
@@ -802,7 +806,7 @@ class Config:
             The guild's Group object.
 
         """
-        return self._get_base_group(self.GUILD, guild.id)
+        return self._get_base_group(self.GUILD, str(guild.id))
 
     def channel(self, channel: discord.TextChannel) -> Group:
         """Returns a `Group` for the given channel.
@@ -820,7 +824,7 @@ class Config:
             The channel's Group object.
 
         """
-        return self._get_base_group(self.CHANNEL, channel.id)
+        return self._get_base_group(self.CHANNEL, str(channel.id))
 
     def role(self, role: discord.Role) -> Group:
         """Returns a `Group` for the given role.
@@ -836,7 +840,7 @@ class Config:
             The role's Group object.
 
         """
-        return self._get_base_group(self.ROLE, role.id)
+        return self._get_base_group(self.ROLE, str(role.id))
 
     def user(self, user: discord.abc.User) -> Group:
         """Returns a `Group` for the given user.
@@ -852,7 +856,7 @@ class Config:
             The user's Group object.
 
         """
-        return self._get_base_group(self.USER, user.id)
+        return self._get_base_group(self.USER, str(user.id))
 
     def member(self, member: discord.Member) -> Group:
         """Returns a `Group` for the given member.
@@ -866,8 +870,9 @@ class Config:
         -------
         `Group <redbot.core.config.Group>`
             The member's Group object.
+
         """
-        return self._get_base_group(self.MEMBER, member.guild.id, member.id)
+        return self._get_base_group(self.MEMBER, str(member.guild.id), str(member.id))
 
     def custom(self, group_identifier: str, *identifiers: str):
         """Returns a `Group` for the given custom group.
@@ -876,17 +881,17 @@ class Config:
         ----------
         group_identifier : str
             Used to identify the custom group.
-
         identifiers : str
             The attributes necessary to uniquely identify an entry in the
-            custom group.
+            custom group. These are casted to `str` for you.
 
         Returns
         -------
         `Group <redbot.core.config.Group>`
             The custom group's Group object.
+
         """
-        return self._get_base_group(group_identifier, *identifiers)
+        return self._get_base_group(str(group_identifier), *map(str, identifiers))
 
     async def _all_from_scope(self, scope: str) -> Dict[int, Dict[Any, Any]]:
         """Get a dict of all values from a particular scope of data.
@@ -982,7 +987,8 @@ class Config:
         """
         return await self._all_from_scope(self.USER)
 
-    def _all_members_from_guild(self, group: Group, guild_data: dict) -> dict:
+    @staticmethod
+    def _all_members_from_guild(group: Group, guild_data: dict) -> dict:
         ret = {}
         for member_id, member_data in guild_data.items():
             new_member_data = group.defaults
@@ -1026,7 +1032,7 @@ class Config:
                 for guild_id, guild_data in dict_.items():
                     ret[int(guild_id)] = self._all_members_from_guild(group, guild_data)
         else:
-            group = self._get_base_group(self.MEMBER, guild.id)
+            group = self._get_base_group(self.MEMBER, str(guild.id))
             try:
                 guild_data = await self.driver.get(*group.identifiers)
             except KeyError:
@@ -1054,7 +1060,8 @@ class Config:
 
         """
         if not scopes:
-            group = Group(identifiers=[], defaults={}, driver=self.driver)
+            # noinspection PyTypeChecker
+            group = Group(identifiers=(), defaults={}, driver=self.driver)
         else:
             group = self._get_base_group(*scopes)
         await group.clear()
@@ -1119,7 +1126,7 @@ class Config:
 
         """
         if guild is not None:
-            await self._clear_scope(self.MEMBER, guild.id)
+            await self._clear_scope(self.MEMBER, str(guild.id))
             return
         await self._clear_scope(self.MEMBER)
 
@@ -1127,5 +1134,34 @@ class Config:
         """Clear all custom group data.
 
         This resets all custom group data to its registered defaults.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        group_identifier : str
+            The identifier for the custom group. This is casted to
+            `str` for you.
         """
-        await self._clear_scope(group_identifier)
+        await self._clear_scope(str(group_identifier))
+
+
+def _str_key_dict(value: Dict[Any, _T]) -> Dict[str, _T]:
+    """
+    Recursively casts all keys in the given `dict` to `str`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    value : Dict[Any, Any]
+        The `dict` to cast keys to `str`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Dict[str, Any]
+        The `dict` with keys (and nested keys) casted to `str`.
+
+    """
+    ret = {}
+    for k, v in value.items():
+        if isinstance(v, dict):
+            v = _str_key_dict(v)
+        ret[str(k)] = v
+    return ret

redbot/core/core_commands.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from collections import namedtuple
 from pathlib import Path
 from random import SystemRandom
 from string import ascii_letters, digits
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Union, Tuple, List, Optional, Iterable, Sequence, Dict
 
 import aiohttp
 import discord
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from redbot.core import (
     VersionInfo,
     checks,
     commands,
+    errors,
     i18n,
 )
 from .utils.predicates import MessagePredicate
@@ -59,7 +60,9 @@ class CoreLogic:
         self.bot.register_rpc_handler(self._version_info)
         self.bot.register_rpc_handler(self._invite_url)
 
-    async def _load(self, cog_names: list):
+    async def _load(
+        self, cog_names: Iterable[str]
+    ) -> Tuple[List[str], List[str], List[str], List[str]]:
         """
         Loads cogs by name.
         Parameters
@@ -69,11 +72,12 @@ class CoreLogic:
         Returns
         -------
         tuple
-            3 element tuple of loaded, failed, and not found cogs.
+            4-tuple of loaded, failed, not found and already loaded cogs.
         """
         failed_packages = []
         loaded_packages = []
         notfound_packages = []
+        alreadyloaded_packages = []
 
         bot = self.bot
 
@@ -98,6 +102,8 @@ class CoreLogic:
             try:
                 self._cleanup_and_refresh_modules(spec.name)
                 await bot.load_extension(spec)
+            except errors.PackageAlreadyLoaded:
+                alreadyloaded_packages.append(name)
             except Exception as e:
                 log.exception("Package loading failed", exc_info=e)
 
@@ -109,9 +115,10 @@ class CoreLogic:
                 await bot.add_loaded_package(name)
                 loaded_packages.append(name)
 
-        return loaded_packages, failed_packages, notfound_packages
+        return loaded_packages, failed_packages, notfound_packages, alreadyloaded_packages
 
-    def _cleanup_and_refresh_modules(self, module_name: str):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _cleanup_and_refresh_modules(module_name: str) -> None:
         """Interally reloads modules so that changes are detected"""
         splitted = module_name.split(".")
 
@@ -123,6 +130,7 @@ class CoreLogic:
             else:
                 importlib._bootstrap._exec(lib.__spec__, lib)
 
+        # noinspection PyTypeChecker
         modules = itertools.accumulate(splitted, "{}.{}".format)
         for m in modules:
             maybe_reload(m)
@@ -131,7 +139,10 @@ class CoreLogic:
         for child_name, lib in children.items():
             importlib._bootstrap._exec(lib.__spec__, lib)
 
-    def _get_package_strings(self, packages: list, fmt: str, other: tuple = None):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_package_strings(
+        packages: List[str], fmt: str, other: Optional[Tuple[str, ...]] = None
+    ) -> str:
         """
         Gets the strings needed for the load, unload and reload commands
         """
@@ -147,7 +158,7 @@ class CoreLogic:
         final_string = fmt.format(**form)
         return final_string
 
-    async def _unload(self, cog_names: list):
+    async def _unload(self, cog_names: Iterable[str]) -> Tuple[List[str], List[str]]:
         """
         Unloads cogs with the given names.
 
@@ -175,14 +186,16 @@ class CoreLogic:
 
         return unloaded_packages, failed_packages
 
-    async def _reload(self, cog_names):
+    async def _reload(
+        self, cog_names: Sequence[str]
+    ) -> Tuple[List[str], List[str], List[str], List[str]]:
         await self._unload(cog_names)
 
-        loaded, load_failed, not_found = await self._load(cog_names)
+        loaded, load_failed, not_found, already_loaded = await self._load(cog_names)
 
-        return loaded, load_failed, not_found
+        return loaded, load_failed, not_found, already_loaded
 
-    async def _name(self, name: str = None):
+    async def _name(self, name: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
         """
         Gets or sets the bot's username.
 
@@ -201,7 +214,7 @@ class CoreLogic:
 
         return self.bot.user.name
 
-    async def _prefixes(self, prefixes: list = None):
+    async def _prefixes(self, prefixes: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> List[str]:
         """
         Gets or sets the bot's global prefixes.
 
@@ -220,7 +233,8 @@ class CoreLogic:
             await self.bot.db.prefix.set(prefixes)
         return await self.bot.db.prefix()
 
-    async def _version_info(self):
+    @classmethod
+    async def _version_info(cls) -> Dict[str, str]:
         """
         Version information for Red and discord.py
 
@@ -231,7 +245,7 @@ class CoreLogic:
         """
         return {"redbot": __version__, "discordpy": discord.__version__}
 
-    async def _invite_url(self):
+    async def _invite_url(self) -> str:
         """
         Generates the invite URL for the bot.
 
@@ -248,11 +262,8 @@ class CoreLogic:
 class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
     """Commands related to core functions"""
 
-    def __init__(self, bot):
-        super().__init__(bot)
-
     @commands.command(hidden=True)
-    async def ping(self, ctx):
+    async def ping(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """Pong."""
         await ctx.send("Pong.")
 
@@ -313,7 +324,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
         passed = self.get_bot_uptime()
         await ctx.send("Been up for: **{}** (since {} UTC)".format(passed, since))
 
-    def get_bot_uptime(self, *, brief=False):
+    def get_bot_uptime(self, *, brief: bool = False):
         # Courtesy of Danny
         now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
         delta = now - self.bot.uptime
@@ -416,7 +427,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @commands.command()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def traceback(self, ctx, public: bool = False):
+    async def traceback(self, ctx: commands.Context, public: bool = False):
         """Sends to the owner the last command exception that has occurred
 
         If public (yes is specified), it will be sent to the chat instead"""
@@ -433,14 +444,14 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @commands.command()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def invite(self, ctx):
+    async def invite(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """Show's Red's invite url"""
         await ctx.author.send(await self._invite_url())
 
     @commands.command()
     @commands.guild_only()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def leave(self, ctx):
+    async def leave(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """Leaves server"""
         await ctx.send("Are you sure you want me to leave this server? (y/n)")
 
@@ -460,7 +471,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @commands.command()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def servers(self, ctx):
+    async def servers(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """Lists and allows to leave servers"""
         guilds = sorted(list(self.bot.guilds), key=lambda s: s.name.lower())
         msg = ""
@@ -502,18 +513,21 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @commands.command()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def load(self, ctx, *, cog_name: str):
+    async def load(self, ctx: commands.Context, *cogs: str):
         """Loads packages"""
-
-        cog_names = [c.strip() for c in cog_name.split(" ")]
         async with ctx.typing():
-            loaded, failed, not_found = await self._load(cog_names)
+            loaded, failed, not_found, already_loaded = await self._load(cogs)
 
         if loaded:
             fmt = "Loaded {packs}."
             formed = self._get_package_strings(loaded, fmt)
             await ctx.send(formed)
 
+        if already_loaded:
+            fmt = "The package{plural} {packs} {other} already loaded."
+            formed = self._get_package_strings(already_loaded, fmt, ("is", "are"))
+            await ctx.send(formed)
+
         if failed:
             fmt = (
                 "Failed to load package{plural} {packs}. Check your console or "
@@ -529,12 +543,9 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @commands.command()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def unload(self, ctx, *, cog_name: str):
+    async def unload(self, ctx: commands.Context, *cogs: str):
         """Unloads packages"""
-
+        unloaded, failed = await self._unload(cogs)
-        cog_names = [c.strip() for c in cog_name.split(" ")]
-
-        unloaded, failed = await self._unload(cog_names)
 
         if unloaded:
             fmt = "Package{plural} {packs} {other} unloaded."
@@ -548,10 +559,10 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @commands.command(name="reload")
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def reload(self, ctx, *cogs: str):
+    async def reload(self, ctx: commands.Context, *cogs: str):
         """Reloads packages"""
         async with ctx.typing():
-            loaded, failed, not_found = await self._reload(cogs)
+            loaded, failed, not_found, already_loaded = await self._reload(cogs)
 
         if loaded:
             fmt = "Package{plural} {packs} {other} reloaded."
@@ -570,34 +581,30 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @commands.command(name="shutdown")
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def _shutdown(self, ctx, silently: bool = False):
+    async def _shutdown(self, ctx: commands.Context, silently: bool = False):
         """Shuts down the bot"""
         wave = "\N{WAVING HAND SIGN}"
         skin = "\N{EMOJI MODIFIER FITZPATRICK TYPE-3}"
-        try:  # We don't want missing perms to stop our shutdown
+        with contextlib.suppress(discord.HTTPException):
             if not silently:
                 await ctx.send(_("Shutting down... ") + wave + skin)
-        except:
-            pass
         await ctx.bot.shutdown()
 
     @commands.command(name="restart")
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def _restart(self, ctx, silently: bool = False):
+    async def _restart(self, ctx: commands.Context, silently: bool = False):
         """Attempts to restart Red
 
         Makes Red quit with exit code 26
         The restart is not guaranteed: it must be dealt
         with by the process manager in use"""
-        try:
+        with contextlib.suppress(discord.HTTPException):
             if not silently:
                 await ctx.send(_("Restarting..."))
-        except:
-            pass
         await ctx.bot.shutdown(restart=True)
 
     @commands.group(name="set")
-    async def _set(self, ctx):
+    async def _set(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """Changes Red's settings"""
         if ctx.invoked_subcommand is None:
             if ctx.guild:
@@ -629,7 +636,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
     @_set.command()
     @checks.guildowner()
     @commands.guild_only()
-    async def adminrole(self, ctx, *, role: discord.Role):
+    async def adminrole(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, role: discord.Role):
         """Sets the admin role for this server"""
         await ctx.bot.db.guild(ctx.guild).admin_role.set(role.id)
         await ctx.send(_("The admin role for this guild has been set."))
@@ -637,7 +644,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
     @_set.command()
     @checks.guildowner()
     @commands.guild_only()
-    async def modrole(self, ctx, *, role: discord.Role):
+    async def modrole(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, role: discord.Role):
         """Sets the mod role for this server"""
         await ctx.bot.db.guild(ctx.guild).mod_role.set(role.id)
         await ctx.send(_("The mod role for this guild has been set."))
@@ -645,7 +652,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
     @_set.command(aliases=["usebotcolor"])
     @checks.guildowner()
     @commands.guild_only()
-    async def usebotcolour(self, ctx):
+    async def usebotcolour(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """
         Toggle whether to use the bot owner-configured colour for embeds.
 
@@ -663,7 +670,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
     @_set.command()
     @checks.guildowner()
     @commands.guild_only()
-    async def serverfuzzy(self, ctx):
+    async def serverfuzzy(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """
         Toggle whether to enable fuzzy command search for the server.
 
@@ -679,7 +686,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @_set.command()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def fuzzy(self, ctx):
+    async def fuzzy(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """
         Toggle whether to enable fuzzy command search in DMs.
 
@@ -695,7 +702,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @_set.command(aliases=["color"])
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def colour(self, ctx, *, colour: discord.Colour = None):
+    async def colour(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, colour: discord.Colour = None):
         """
         Sets a default colour to be used for the bot's embeds.
 
@@ -713,7 +720,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @_set.command()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def avatar(self, ctx, url: str):
+    async def avatar(self, ctx: commands.Context, url: str):
         """Sets Red's avatar"""
         async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
             async with session.get(url) as r:
@@ -737,7 +744,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
     @_set.command(name="game")
     @checks.bot_in_a_guild()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def _game(self, ctx, *, game: str = None):
+    async def _game(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, game: str = None):
         """Sets Red's playing status"""
 
         if game:
@@ -751,7 +758,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
     @_set.command(name="listening")
     @checks.bot_in_a_guild()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def _listening(self, ctx, *, listening: str = None):
+    async def _listening(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, listening: str = None):
         """Sets Red's listening status"""
 
         status = ctx.bot.guilds[0].me.status if len(ctx.bot.guilds) > 0 else discord.Status.online
@@ -765,7 +772,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
     @_set.command(name="watching")
     @checks.bot_in_a_guild()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def _watching(self, ctx, *, watching: str = None):
+    async def _watching(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, watching: str = None):
         """Sets Red's watching status"""
 
         status = ctx.bot.guilds[0].me.status if len(ctx.bot.guilds) > 0 else discord.Status.online
@@ -779,7 +786,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
     @_set.command()
     @checks.bot_in_a_guild()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def status(self, ctx, *, status: str):
+    async def status(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, status: str):
         """Sets Red's status
 
         Available statuses:
@@ -808,7 +815,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
     @_set.command()
     @checks.bot_in_a_guild()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def stream(self, ctx, streamer=None, *, stream_title=None):
+    async def stream(self, ctx: commands.Context, streamer=None, *, stream_title=None):
         """Sets Red's streaming status
         Leaving both streamer and stream_title empty will clear it."""
 
@@ -829,7 +836,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @_set.command(name="username", aliases=["name"])
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def _username(self, ctx, *, username: str):
+    async def _username(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, username: str):
         """Sets Red's username"""
         try:
             await self._name(name=username)
@@ -848,7 +855,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
     @_set.command(name="nickname")
     @checks.admin()
     @commands.guild_only()
-    async def _nickname(self, ctx, *, nickname: str = None):
+    async def _nickname(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, nickname: str = None):
         """Sets Red's nickname"""
         try:
             await ctx.guild.me.edit(nick=nickname)
@@ -859,7 +866,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @_set.command(aliases=["prefixes"])
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def prefix(self, ctx, *prefixes):
+    async def prefix(self, ctx: commands.Context, *prefixes: str):
         """Sets Red's global prefix(es)"""
         if not prefixes:
             await ctx.send_help()
@@ -870,7 +877,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
     @_set.command(aliases=["serverprefixes"])
     @checks.admin()
     @commands.guild_only()
-    async def serverprefix(self, ctx, *prefixes):
+    async def serverprefix(self, ctx: commands.Context, *prefixes: str):
         """Sets Red's server prefix(es)"""
         if not prefixes:
             await ctx.bot.db.guild(ctx.guild).prefix.set([])
@@ -882,7 +889,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @_set.command()
     @commands.cooldown(1, 60 * 10, commands.BucketType.default)
-    async def owner(self, ctx):
+    async def owner(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """Sets Red's main owner"""
         # According to the Python docs this is suitable for cryptographic use
         random = SystemRandom()
@@ -926,7 +933,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @_set.command()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def token(self, ctx, token: str):
+    async def token(self, ctx: commands.Context, token: str):
         """Change bot token."""
 
         if not isinstance(ctx.channel, discord.DMChannel):
@@ -1071,7 +1078,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @commands.command()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def backup(self, ctx, backup_path: str = None):
+    async def backup(self, ctx: commands.Context, backup_path: str = None):
         """Creates a backup of all data for the instance."""
         from redbot.core.data_manager import basic_config, instance_name
         from redbot.core.drivers.red_json import JSON
@@ -1080,20 +1087,19 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
         if basic_config["STORAGE_TYPE"] == "MongoDB":
             from redbot.core.drivers.red_mongo import Mongo
 
-            m = Mongo("Core", **basic_config["STORAGE_DETAILS"])
+            m = Mongo("Core", "0", **basic_config["STORAGE_DETAILS"])
             db = m.db
-            collection_names = await db.collection_names(include_system_collections=False)
+            collection_names = await db.list_collection_names()
             for c_name in collection_names:
                 if c_name == "Core":
                     c_data_path = data_dir / basic_config["CORE_PATH_APPEND"]
                 else:
-                    c_data_path = data_dir / basic_config["COG_PATH_APPEND"]
+                    c_data_path = data_dir / basic_config["COG_PATH_APPEND"] / c_name
-                output = {}
                 docs = await db[c_name].find().to_list(None)
                 for item in docs:
                     item_id = str(item.pop("_id"))
-                    output[item_id] = item
+                    output = item
-                target = JSON(c_name, data_path_override=c_data_path)
+                    target = JSON(c_name, item_id, data_path_override=c_data_path)
                     await target.jsonIO._threadsafe_save_json(output)
         backup_filename = "redv3-{}-{}.tar.gz".format(
             instance_name, ctx.message.created_at.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S")
@@ -1134,7 +1140,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
                     tar.add(str(f), recursive=False)
             print(str(backup_file))
             await ctx.send(
-                _("A backup has been made of this instance. It is at {}.").format((backup_file))
+                _("A backup has been made of this instance. It is at {}.").format(backup_file)
             )
             await ctx.send(_("Would you like to receive a copy via DM? (y/n)"))
 
@@ -1157,7 +1163,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @commands.command()
     @commands.cooldown(1, 60, commands.BucketType.user)
-    async def contact(self, ctx, *, message: str):
+    async def contact(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, message: str):
         """Sends a message to the owner"""
         guild = ctx.message.guild
         owner = discord.utils.get(ctx.bot.get_all_members(), id=ctx.bot.owner_id)
@@ -1200,7 +1206,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
                 await ctx.send(
                     _("I cannot send your message, I'm unable to find my owner... *sigh*")
                 )
-            except:
+            except discord.HTTPException:
                 await ctx.send(_("I'm unable to deliver your message. Sorry."))
             else:
                 await ctx.send(_("Your message has been sent."))
@@ -1212,14 +1218,14 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
                 await ctx.send(
                     _("I cannot send your message, I'm unable to find my owner... *sigh*")
                 )
-            except:
+            except discord.HTTPException:
                 await ctx.send(_("I'm unable to deliver your message. Sorry."))
             else:
                 await ctx.send(_("Your message has been sent."))
 
     @commands.command()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def dm(self, ctx, user_id: int, *, message: str):
+    async def dm(self, ctx: commands.Context, user_id: int, *, message: str):
         """Sends a DM to a user
 
         This command needs a user id to work.
@@ -1253,7 +1259,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
             try:
                 await destination.send(embed=e)
-            except:
+            except discord.HTTPException:
                 await ctx.send(
                     _("Sorry, I couldn't deliver your message to {}").format(destination)
                 )
@@ -1263,7 +1269,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
             response = "{}\nMessage:\n\n{}".format(description, message)
             try:
                 await destination.send("{}\n{}".format(box(response), content))
-            except:
+            except discord.HTTPException:
                 await ctx.send(
                     _("Sorry, I couldn't deliver your message to {}").format(destination)
                 )
@@ -1272,7 +1278,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @commands.group()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def whitelist(self, ctx):
+    async def whitelist(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """
         Whitelist management commands.
         """
@@ -1290,7 +1296,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
         await ctx.send(_("User added to whitelist."))
 
     @whitelist.command(name="list")
-    async def whitelist_list(self, ctx):
+    async def whitelist_list(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """
         Lists whitelisted users.
         """
@@ -1304,7 +1310,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
             await ctx.send(box(page))
 
     @whitelist.command(name="remove")
-    async def whitelist_remove(self, ctx, user: discord.User):
+    async def whitelist_remove(self, ctx: commands.Context, user: discord.User):
         """
         Removes user from whitelist.
         """
@@ -1321,7 +1327,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
             await ctx.send(_("User was not in the whitelist."))
 
     @whitelist.command(name="clear")
-    async def whitelist_clear(self, ctx):
+    async def whitelist_clear(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """
         Clears the whitelist.
         """
@@ -1330,19 +1336,19 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
 
     @commands.group()
     @checks.is_owner()
-    async def blacklist(self, ctx):
+    async def blacklist(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """
         blacklist management commands.
         """
         pass
 
     @blacklist.command(name="add")
-    async def blacklist_add(self, ctx, user: discord.User):
+    async def blacklist_add(self, ctx: commands.Context, user: discord.User):
         """
         Adds a user to the blacklist.
         """
         if await ctx.bot.is_owner(user):
-            ctx.send(_("You cannot blacklist an owner!"))
+            await ctx.send(_("You cannot blacklist an owner!"))
             return
 
         async with ctx.bot.db.blacklist() as curr_list:
@@ -1352,7 +1358,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
         await ctx.send(_("User added to blacklist."))
 
     @blacklist.command(name="list")
-    async def blacklist_list(self, ctx):
+    async def blacklist_list(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """
         Lists blacklisted users.
         """
@@ -1366,7 +1372,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
             await ctx.send(box(page))
 
     @blacklist.command(name="remove")
-    async def blacklist_remove(self, ctx, user: discord.User):
+    async def blacklist_remove(self, ctx: commands.Context, user: discord.User):
         """
         Removes user from blacklist.
         """
@@ -1383,7 +1389,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
             await ctx.send(_("User was not in the blacklist."))
 
     @blacklist.command(name="clear")
-    async def blacklist_clear(self, ctx):
+    async def blacklist_clear(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """
         Clears the blacklist.
         """
@@ -1393,14 +1399,14 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
     @commands.group()
     @commands.guild_only()
     @checks.admin_or_permissions(administrator=True)
-    async def localwhitelist(self, ctx):
+    async def localwhitelist(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """
         Whitelist management commands.
         """
         pass
 
     @localwhitelist.command(name="add")
-    async def localwhitelist_add(self, ctx, *, user_or_role: str):
+    async def localwhitelist_add(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, user_or_role: str):
         """
         Adds a user or role to the whitelist.
         """
@@ -1421,7 +1427,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
             await ctx.send(_("Role added to whitelist."))
 
     @localwhitelist.command(name="list")
-    async def localwhitelist_list(self, ctx):
+    async def localwhitelist_list(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """
         Lists whitelisted users and roles.
         """
@@ -1435,7 +1441,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
             await ctx.send(box(page))
 
     @localwhitelist.command(name="remove")
-    async def localwhitelist_remove(self, ctx, *, user_or_role: str):
+    async def localwhitelist_remove(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, user_or_role: str):
         """
         Removes user or role from whitelist.
         """
@@ -1465,7 +1471,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
                 await ctx.send(_("Role was not in the whitelist."))
 
     @localwhitelist.command(name="clear")
-    async def localwhitelist_clear(self, ctx):
+    async def localwhitelist_clear(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """
         Clears the whitelist.
         """
@@ -1475,14 +1481,14 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
     @commands.group()
     @commands.guild_only()
     @checks.admin_or_permissions(administrator=True)
-    async def localblacklist(self, ctx):
+    async def localblacklist(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """
         blacklist management commands.
         """
         pass
 
     @localblacklist.command(name="add")
-    async def localblacklist_add(self, ctx, *, user_or_role: str):
+    async def localblacklist_add(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, user_or_role: str):
         """
         Adds a user or role to the blacklist.
         """
@@ -1495,7 +1501,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
             user = True
 
         if user and await ctx.bot.is_owner(obj):
-            ctx.send(_("You cannot blacklist an owner!"))
+            await ctx.send(_("You cannot blacklist an owner!"))
             return
 
         async with ctx.bot.db.guild(ctx.guild).blacklist() as curr_list:
@@ -1508,7 +1514,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
             await ctx.send(_("Role added to blacklist."))
 
     @localblacklist.command(name="list")
-    async def localblacklist_list(self, ctx):
+    async def localblacklist_list(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """
         Lists blacklisted users and roles.
         """
@@ -1522,7 +1528,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
             await ctx.send(box(page))
 
     @localblacklist.command(name="remove")
-    async def localblacklist_remove(self, ctx, *, user_or_role: str):
+    async def localblacklist_remove(self, ctx: commands.Context, *, user_or_role: str):
         """
         Removes user or role from blacklist.
         """
@@ -1552,7 +1558,7 @@ class Core(commands.Cog, CoreLogic):
                 await ctx.send(_("Role was not in the blacklist."))
 
     @localblacklist.command(name="clear")
-    async def localblacklist_clear(self, ctx):
+    async def localblacklist_clear(self, ctx: commands.Context):
         """
         Clears the blacklist.
         """

redbot/core/drivers/red_mongo.py

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
-import motor.motor_asyncio
+import re
-from .red_base import BaseDriver
+from typing import Match, Pattern
 from urllib.parse import quote_plus
 
+import motor.core
+import motor.motor_asyncio
+
+from .red_base import BaseDriver
+
 __all__ = ["Mongo"]
 
 
@@ -80,6 +85,7 @@ class Mongo(BaseDriver):
     async def get(self, *identifiers: str):
         mongo_collection = self.get_collection()
 
+        identifiers = (*map(self._escape_key, identifiers),)
         dot_identifiers = ".".join(identifiers)
 
         partial = await mongo_collection.find_one(
@@ -91,10 +97,14 @@ class Mongo(BaseDriver):
 
         for i in identifiers:
             partial = partial[i]
+        if isinstance(partial, dict):
+            return self._unescape_dict_keys(partial)
         return partial
 
     async def set(self, *identifiers: str, value=None):
-        dot_identifiers = ".".join(identifiers)
+        dot_identifiers = ".".join(map(self._escape_key, identifiers))
+        if isinstance(value, dict):
+            value = self._escape_dict_keys(value)
 
         mongo_collection = self.get_collection()
 
@@ -105,7 +115,7 @@ class Mongo(BaseDriver):
         )
 
     async def clear(self, *identifiers: str):
-        dot_identifiers = ".".join(identifiers)
+        dot_identifiers = ".".join(map(self._escape_key, identifiers))
         mongo_collection = self.get_collection()
 
         if len(identifiers) > 0:
@@ -115,6 +125,62 @@ class Mongo(BaseDriver):
         else:
             await mongo_collection.delete_one({"_id": self.unique_cog_identifier})
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _escape_key(key: str) -> str:
+        return _SPECIAL_CHAR_PATTERN.sub(_replace_with_escaped, key)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _unescape_key(key: str) -> str:
+        return _CHAR_ESCAPE_PATTERN.sub(_replace_with_unescaped, key)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _escape_dict_keys(cls, data: dict) -> dict:
+        """Recursively escape all keys in a dict."""
+        ret = {}
+        for key, value in data.items():
+            key = cls._escape_key(key)
+            if isinstance(value, dict):
+                value = cls._escape_dict_keys(value)
+            ret[key] = value
+        return ret
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _unescape_dict_keys(cls, data: dict) -> dict:
+        """Recursively unescape all keys in a dict."""
+        ret = {}
+        for key, value in data.items():
+            key = cls._unescape_key(key)
+            if isinstance(value, dict):
+                value = cls._unescape_dict_keys(value)
+            ret[key] = value
+        return ret
+
+
+_SPECIAL_CHAR_PATTERN: Pattern[str] = re.compile(r"([.$]|\\U0000002E|\\U00000024)")
+_SPECIAL_CHARS = {
+    ".": "\\U0000002E",
+    "$": "\\U00000024",
+    "\\U0000002E": "\\U&0000002E",
+    "\\U00000024": "\\U&00000024",
+}
+
+
+def _replace_with_escaped(match: Match[str]) -> str:
+    return _SPECIAL_CHARS[match[0]]
+
+
+_CHAR_ESCAPE_PATTERN: Pattern[str] = re.compile(r"(\\U0000002E|\\U00000024)")
+_CHAR_ESCAPES = {
+    "\\U0000002E": ".",
+    "\\U00000024": "$",
+    "\\U&0000002E": "\\U0000002E",
+    "\\U&00000024": "\\U00000024",
+}
+
+
+def _replace_with_unescaped(match: Match[str]) -> str:
+    return _CHAR_ESCAPES[match[0]]
+
 
 def get_config_details():
     uri = None

redbot/core/errors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import importlib.machinery
+from typing import Optional
+
+import discord
+
+from .i18n import Translator
+
+_ = Translator(__name__, __file__)
+
+
+class RedError(Exception):
+    """Base error class for Red-related errors."""
+
+
+class PackageAlreadyLoaded(RedError):
+    """Raised when trying to load an already-loaded package."""
+
+    def __init__(self, spec: importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.spec: importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec = spec
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"There is already a package named {self.spec.name.split('.')[-1]} loaded"
+
+
+class BankError(RedError):
+    """Base error class for bank-related errors."""
+
+
+class BalanceTooHigh(BankError, OverflowError):
+    """Raised when trying to set a user's balance to higher than the maximum."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, user: discord.abc.User, max_balance: int, currency_name: str, *args, **kwargs
+    ):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.user = user
+        self.max_balance = max_balance
+        self.currency_name = currency_name
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return _("{user}'s balance cannot rise above {max:,} {currency}.").format(
+            user=self.user, max=self.max_balance, currency=self.currency_name
+        )

redbot/core/i18n.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ import re
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Callable, Union
 
-from . import commands
-
 __all__ = ["get_locale", "set_locale", "reload_locales", "cog_i18n", "Translator"]
 
 _current_locale = "en_us"
@@ -219,6 +217,12 @@ class Translator(Callable[[str], str]):
             self.translations.update({untranslated: translated})
 
 
+# This import to be down here to avoid circular import issues.
+# This will be cleaned up at a later date
+# noinspection PyPep8
+from . import commands
+
+
 def cog_i18n(translator: Translator):
     """Get a class decorator to link the translator to this cog."""
 

tests/cogs/test_permissions.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from redbot.cogs.permissions.permissions import Permissions, GLOBAL
 
 def test_schema_update():
     old = {
-        GLOBAL: {
+        str(GLOBAL): {
             "owner_models": {
                 "cogs": {
                     "Admin": {"allow": [78631113035100160], "deny": [96733288462286848]},
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def test_schema_update():
                 },
             }
         },
-        43733288462286848: {
+        "43733288462286848": {
             "owner_models": {
                 "cogs": {
                     "Admin": {
@@ -43,22 +43,22 @@ def test_schema_update():
     assert new == (
         {
             "Admin": {
-                GLOBAL: {78631113035100160: True, 96733288462286848: False},
+                str(GLOBAL): {"78631113035100160": True, "96733288462286848": False},
-                43733288462286848: {24231113035100160: True, 35533288462286848: False},
+                "43733288462286848": {"24231113035100160": True, "35533288462286848": False},
             },
-            "Audio": {GLOBAL: {133049272517001216: True, "default": False}},
+            "Audio": {str(GLOBAL): {"133049272517001216": True, "default": False}},
-            "General": {43733288462286848: {133049272517001216: True, "default": False}},
+            "General": {"43733288462286848": {"133049272517001216": True, "default": False}},
         },
         {
             "cleanup bot": {
-                GLOBAL: {78631113035100160: True, "default": False},
+                str(GLOBAL): {"78631113035100160": True, "default": False},
-                43733288462286848: {17831113035100160: True, "default": True},
+                "43733288462286848": {"17831113035100160": True, "default": True},
             },
-            "ping": {GLOBAL: {96733288462286848: True, "default": True}},
+            "ping": {str(GLOBAL): {"96733288462286848": True, "default": True}},
             "set adminrole": {
-                43733288462286848: {
+                "43733288462286848": {
-                    87733288462286848: True,
+                    "87733288462286848": True,
-                    95433288462286848: False,
+                    "95433288462286848": False,
                     "default": True,
                 }
             },

tests/core/test_config.py

@@ -475,3 +475,18 @@ async def test_get_raw_mixes_defaults(config):
 
     subgroup = await config.get_raw("subgroup")
     assert subgroup == {"foo": True, "bar": False}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_cast_str_raw(config):
+    await config.set_raw(123, 456, value=True)
+    assert await config.get_raw(123, 456) is True
+    assert await config.get_raw("123", "456") is True
+    await config.clear_raw("123", 456)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_cast_str_nested(config):
+    config.register_global(foo={})
+    await config.foo.set({123: True, 456: {789: False}})
+    assert await config.foo() == {"123": True, "456": {"789": False}}